DR WILLIS F WESTMORELAND, Sworn In For The State, 117th To Testify
DR. WILLIS F. WESTMORELAND, sworn for the Defendant.
DIRECT EXAMINATION.
A practicing physician for twenty-eight years, general practice and
surgery. A professor of surgery for twenty years, and formerly president
of the State Board of Health. If the body of a girl between thirteen
and fourteen years old was embalmed about ten hours after death, after
taking out a gallon of fluid and putting in a gallon of embalming fluid, of
which 8%is formaldehyde and the body was buried and nine or
ten days after upon a post mortem examination a cut an inch and a half
long cutting through to the skull in some places was found by the ear,
and the skull was opened and on the inside of the skull no actual break of
the skull was found, but a little hemorrhage under the skull corresponding
to this point where the blow had been delivered and no pressure on
the brain was caused, and no injury to the brain occurred it would be impossible to tell whether or not that would have produced unconsciousness before death. Skull may be fractured without producing unconsciousness. Death may be produced by a blow on the head that leaves very little outward signs. From looking at such a wound without any
knowledge of the amount of blood lost, one could not tell whether it was
inflicted before or after death. One could not tell from looking at a
wound of that sort from which direction it was inflicted. In answer to
question as to whether he had any personal feeling against Dr. Harris,
witness answered "No," but that he had preferred charges with State
Board of Health charging Dr. Harris with professional dishonesty. A
blunt surface can produce a wound that would look like a cut. If in the
case of the same patient the stomach was taken out and in it was found
wheat bread and cabbage, some of the cabbage looking like that (State's
Exhibit" G)," and thirty-two degrees of combined hydrochloric acid and
substantially nothing in the small intestine, and feces some five feet
away, it would be impossible to form a reliable opinion that cabbage and
bread had been in that stomach before death, on that data or any other
data, that could be found by looking at the stomach nine or ten days after death. Many things retard digestion. Much depends upon the particular stomach, and its affinity for particular foods. There is a cycle of
acidity and in the progress of digestion that increases, and then later it
goes down. Food that is not thoroughly emulsified will remain in the
stomach indefinitely. Cabbage like that (State's Exhibit "G") and
wheat bread might remain in the stomach until the process of digestion
is complete, which ordinarily would be from three and a half to four
hours. They might pass through the body undigested. A formaldehyde
embalming preparation would destroy the pancreatic juices, and also the
pepsin in the stomach. The probability is that some of the hydrochloric
acid and maltose found upon an examination of the stomach in such a
case would in no way determine how long food has been in the stomach. If
upon the post mortem above described, it was found that the epithelium
had been so effected that it had been removed from the wall of the vagina
in several places, and upon a microscopic test of the wall of the vagina it
was found that some of the small blood vessels had congested blood in
them, these facts would not necessarily indicate violence of any kind during
life, it being also known that there had been a digital examination by
the physician just after death and before embalming, and that the physician
performing the post mortem had removed the wall of the vagina
with his hand and scissors. Any epithelium can be very easily stripped
after death. The digital examination could have stripped it. So could
the removal for purposes of post mortem examination. If the subject
had had a menstrual period a day or two before death and she was found
in the act of menstruating at the time of death, this would account for the
congested blood vessels, and it would also make the epithelium much
easier to strip. Even if an opinion could be expressed as to violence before
death, it would be impossible to say that it occurred from five to fifteen
minutes before death. From an examination of the private parts of
Leo M. Frank he appears to be a perfectly normal man. A black eye
could be inflicted after death. As long as the blood is not coagulated. A lick on the back of the head could produce a black eye.
CROSS EXAMINATION.
There are sexual inverts who are absolutely normal in physical appearance. If I had a subject where there was a blow on the head, going
practically to the skull, with no injury to the brain, and the face was livid,
the tongue hanging out, with deep indentation in the neck, the flesh
pushed out of place, with blue nails and lips, I would say that death was
produced by strangulation, in the absence of other facts. A blow on the
eye could produce a swollen condition after death. Even assuming that
the doctor who went into the uterus and vagina with his fingers was very
careful and did not rupture or injure the parts or cause dilation, and if
the microscopical examination showed a dilation of the blood vessels of
the vagina, discoloration of the walls, and swelling of the parts, the
menses could have brought about this condition, and it would not necessarily be due to violence. Menstruation would not produce discoloration except there would be an increased reddening on account of the increased amount of blood. This change of color will be found wherever epithelium was, in the uterus and in the vagina. It would produce swelling wherever the mucous membrane was. A doctor could not look at cabbage in various stages of digestion and venture an opinion as to how
long it had been in a woman's stomach. Doctors do not know, even approximately, how soon after a stomach receives a certain substance be-
fore hydrochloric acid is found in a free state. It may be delayed for
hours, it may be found earlier. Digestion has no fixed rule at all. The
usual rule is the hydrochloric acid is found within a range of about half
an hour. The time when it begins to descend depends upon the character
of the food in the stomach and as to how the glands are acting.
RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION.
The human tongue could not produce any signs of violence in the
vagina. Where there is a skull wound an inch and a half long cutting
through the little arteries like the wound described above, it would bleed and if the body lay in one place 30 or 40 minutes there would be bleeding and if the body is picked up and carried about 40 feet and
dropped at another place I would expect to find blood there. Skull
wounds bleed very freely and there would be blood wherever the body
was.
- 10 PEOPLE, Sworn In For The State From Miss Myrtie Cato To Carrie Smith, 156th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- DR CLARENCE JOHNSON, Sworn In For The State, 192nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- I U KAUFFMAN, Sworn In For The State, 106th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- Introduction to Leo Frank Trial Brief [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 9th, 2025]
- ISAAC HAAS, Sworn In For The State, 103rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- J L BEAVERS, Sworn In For The State, 24th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- J M GANTT, Sworn In For The State, 183rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- J N STARNES, Sworn In For The State, 191st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- J N STARNES, Sworn In For The State, 5th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- J T HEARN, Sworn In For The State, 154th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- J W COLEMAN, Sworn In For The State, 182nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- JAMES CONLEY, Sworn In For The State, 34th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- JOE STELKER, Sworn In For The State, 96th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- JOEL C HUNTER, Sworn In For The State, 39th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- JOHN ASHLEY JONES, Sworn In For The State, 120th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- JOHN M MINAR, Sworn In For The State, 98th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- JOHN R BLACK, Sworn In For The State, 8th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- JULIAN LOEB, Sworn In For The State, 57th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- JULIUS A FISCHER, Sworn In For The State, 111th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- K T THOMAS, Sworn In For The State, 113th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- L 0 GRICE, Sworn In For The State, 26th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- L M CASTRO, Sworn In For The State, 114th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- L S DOBBS, Sworn In For The State, 4th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- L T KENDRICK, Sworn In For The State, 186th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- M 0 NIX, Sworn In For The State, 69th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- MELL STANFORD, Sworn In For The State, 27th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- MINOLA MCKNIGHT C, Sworn In For The State, 49th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- MISS EMILY MAYFIELD, Sworn In For The State, 147th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- MISS EULA MAY FLOWERS, Sworn In For The State, 44th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS GRACE HICKS, Sworn In For The State, 7th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS HATTIE HALL, Sworn In For The State, 41st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
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- MISS HELEN KERNS, Sworn In For The State, 52nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS IDA HAYS, Sworn In For The State, 137th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS IORA SMALL, Sworn In For The State, 63rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS IRENE CARSON, Sworn In For The State, 145th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS IRENE JACKSON, Sworn In For The State, 142nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS JULIA FUSS, Sworn In For The State, 64th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS LAURA ATKINSON, Sworn In For The State, 88th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS MAGNOLIA KENNEDY, Sworn In For The State, 45th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS MAMIE KITCHENS, Sworn In For The State, 157th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS MARY PIRK, Sworn In For The State, 62nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS MONTEEN STOVER, Sworn In For The State, 12th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS OPIE DICKERSON, Sworn In For The State, 139th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS REBECCA CARSON, Sworn In For The State, 60th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS RUTH ROBINSON, Sworn In For The State, 158th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISS SARAH BARNES, Sworn In For The State, 141st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MISSES ANNIE OSBORNE, REBECCA CARSON, MAUDE WRIGHT, AND MRS ELLA THOMAS, Sworn In For The State, 148th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS A P LEVY, Sworn In For The State, 53rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS ADOLPH MONTAG, Sworn In For The State, 135th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS ALEXANDER E MARCUS, Sworn In For The State, 75th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS C F URSENBACH, Sworn In For The State, 74th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS E M CARSON, Sworn In For The State, 61st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS EMIL SELIG, Sworn In For The State, 51st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS EMMA CLARK FREEMAN, Sworn In For The State, 140th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS EMMA CLARKE FREEMAN, Sworn In For The State, 43rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS H GLOGOWSKI, Sworn In For The State, 134th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS HENNIE WOLFSHEIMER, Sworn In For The State, 56th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS J 0 PARMELEE, Sworn In For The State, 136th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS J A WHITE, Sworn In For The State, 10th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS J J WARDLAW, Sworn In For The State, 146th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS. J.W. COLEMAN, Sworn In for the State, 1st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 9th, 2025]
- MRS M G MICHAEL, Sworn In For The State, 54th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS M MARCUS, Sworn In For The State, 76th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS M W CARSON, MARY PIRK, MRS DORA SMALL, MISS JULIA FUSS, R P BUTLER, JOE STELKER, Sworn In For The State, 152nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS MATTIE THOMPSON, Sworn In For The State, 144th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS MINNIE SMITH, Sworn In For The State, 89th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- MRS RACHEL JACOBS FRANK, Sworn In For The State, 71st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- N KELLY, Sworn In For The State, 173rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- N SINKOVITZ, Sworn In For The State, 198th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- N V DARLEY, Sworn In For The State, 18th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- NATHAN COPLAN, Sworn In For The State, 95th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- NEWT LEE COLORED, Sworn In For The State, 3rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- OSCAR PAPPENHEIMER, Sworn In For The State, 72nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- PHILIP NASH, Sworn In For The State, 123rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- PHILLIP CHAMBERS, Sworn In For The State, 83rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- PROF C D ALBERT, Sworn In For The State, 128th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- PROF GEO BACHMAN, Sworn In For The State, 115th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- PROF J E VANDERHOEF, Sworn In For The State, 129th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R L BAUER, Sworn In For The State, 91st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R L CRAVEN, Sworn In For The State, 165th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R L WAGGONER, Sworn In For The State, 23rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R M LASSITER, Sworn In For The State, 25th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R P BUTLER, Sworn In For The State, 105th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- R V JOHNSON, Sworn In For The State, 155th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- RICHARD A WRIGHT, Sworn In For The State, 124th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- ROBERT P BARRETT, Sworn In For The State, 13th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- S L ASHER, Sworn In For The State, 199th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- S L ROSSER, Sworn In For The State, 33rd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- SERGEANT L S DOBBS, Sworn In For The State, 179th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- SIGMUND MONTAG, Sworn In For The State, 79th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- T H WILLET, Sworn In For The State, 108th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- T Y BRENT, Sworn In For The State, 195th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- TILLANDER, Sworn In For The State, 180th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- TRUMAN MCCRARY, C, Sworn In For The State, 80th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- V H KRIEGSHABER, Sworn In For The State, 130th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- VERA EPPS, Sworn In For The State, 187th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W B OWENS, Sworn In For The State, 174th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W C DOBBS, Sworn In For The State, 177th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W D MCWORTH, Sworn In For The State, 99th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W E TURNER, Sworn In For The State, 161st To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W F ANDERSON, Sworn In For The State, 19th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W H GREESLING, Sworn In For The State, 28th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W M MATTHEWS, Sworn In For The State, 176th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W P MERK, Sworn In For The State, 162nd To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W T HOLLIS, Sworn In For The State, 189th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W T HOLLIS, Sworn In For The State, 37th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W W MATTHEWS, Sworn In For The State, 36th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W W ROGERS, Sworn In For The State, 178th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- W W ROGERS, Sworn In For The State, 6th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]
- WADE CAMPBELL, Sworn In For The State, 46th To Testify [Last Updated On: January 12th, 2025] [Originally Added On: January 12th, 2025]